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Musée Jacquemart-André - Botticelli, Artist and designer

 

The studio and the artist, the interactive collaboration of Sandro Botticelli

1. Alessandro Filipepi or Sandro Botticelli, Portrait of Michele Marullo Tarcaniota, 1490-1500, 
tempera and oil on wood48 x 35 cm, Collection Familia Guardans-Cambó

Botticelli, from A to Z

    The new exhibition of the Musée Jacquemart-André (Paris) is transforming our relation to the oeuvre of Sandro Botticelli (circa 1445 - 1510) and his studio, while showcasing his influence and how he influence others.

    To do so, more than forty works of the Italian painter, travel the globe to make this incredible exhibition happened. From the famous portrait of La Belle Simonetta of the Städel Museum (Germany) to the small, but attractive masterpiece of the Rijksmuseum (Netherlands), Judith with the Head of Holofernes. But, with all of those loans, do you think we know him well ?

    Not enough, at least for the Musée Jacquemart-André and the two curators, Ana Debenedetti and Pierre Curie. Both of them thought about the relation Botticelli, and more widely the artist from the Italian renaissance had with their scholars and their studio in Florence. Therefore, the show, made chronologically and thematically will help to encompass this subject while showcasing works attributed to Botticelli or to Botticelli and his studio.

The exhibition his also well constructed around the works he made in Florence, due to the Medici family, but also around The birth of Venus, and the more religious and everyday scene he depicted. While showcasing his serial and unique approach to his oeuvre.

In the step of Filippo Lippi & Andrea del Verrocchio

2. Alessandro Filipepi or Sandro Botticelli, Vierge à l'Enfant dire Madone Campana
1467-1470, tempera on wood, 72 x 51 cm, Avignon, Musée du Petit Palais, 
dépôt du Musée du Louvre, 1976, Photo: © RMN-Grand Palais / René-Gabriel Ojéda
    
    The first section of the show is devoted to the relation between Sandro Botticelli and Filippo Lippi (1406 - 1469), and his contemporaries such as Andrea del Verrocchio (1435 - 1488).

Alongside the studio of the Florentine artist Lippi, Botticelli acquired a lot of technique and knowledge about painting. He made his colors, he mixes the pigments, and the process of making a picture in the renaissance.

    But one technique will leave him a long-life trace: the technique of easel painting and the fresco. Therefore, during his time in the studio of Lippi, he created his first work around the theme of the Virgin and Child, a subject and an oeuvre generally made for private devotion and religious places. 

    During the creation of this oeuvre, Botticelli acquired the mastery of volumes and colors, and a person vision of a singular theme.

    Later on, he started to think about the creation of his own studio, in Florence. Therefore, when Filippo Lippi left for Spoleto to carry out a commission, Botticelli did not follow him to open his studio in 1465. 

The story of Judith

3. Alessandro Filipepi or Sandro Botticelli and Filippino Lippi, Le retour de Judith à Béthulie
1469-1470, tempera on wood, 29,2 x 21,6 cm, Cincinnati, Cincinnati Art Museum,
 Fonds John J. Emery, 1954.463

    The second room of the show his devoted to the first works he made as an independent artist. There, the city of Florence and the rich family with give  him numerous commissions, paintings, drawings, textiles, etc.

Most of them will embellish the inside of the apartment inside their furniture or in inserted in the paneling that covered the walls.

    But, due to the numbers of commissions and the small scale of the works, it's important to have a mechanical approach to them. Therefore, Sandro Botticelli will design the composition of the scene, he will then pass it on to the capobottega (the workshop manager), and then to his collaborators to whom he delegates the application of the paint.

    One of those scholars will be Filippino Lippi (1457 – 1504), the son of Fra Filippo Lippi, and one of the most prominent scholar of the studio of Botticelli. Both of them will create numerous oeuvres, such as the cassone panels illustrating the story of Esther.

    Both of them wanted to distribute their oeuvre in a large scale, like Le Retour de Judith à Béthulie, are thus more widely distributed. Therefore, they design, they paint, and they sell.

But, to understand this practice, you need to be in the mind of an artist in the 15th century. Any work that comes out of the studio is the result of a collaborative effort, but is nonetheless a work “by Botticelli”, because it is designed according to his drawing and bears his trademark.

Botticelli and the Medici

4. Alessandro Filipepi or Sandro Botticelli, Portrait de Julien de Médicis
1478-1480, tempera and oil on wood, 59,5 x 39,3 cm, Bergame, Academia 
Carrara, Photo: © Fondazione Accademia Carrara, Bergamo

    Botticelli had some difficult years as a standalone artist, with his studio, his scholars and his oeuvre. But, at the beginning of the 1470-1475, his beginning to have a name in the very competitive artistic scene of Florence.

    Therefore, his style and his compositions will win him the favor of the Medici, one if not the most wealthy family of bankers of Florence and Italy. Thus, they will give a lot of freedom to Botticelli when they will send him a commission, mostly portraits.

Nonetheless, this wonderful portrait of Julien of Médici, also named “Giuliano de Medici” is depicting the  younger brother of “Lorenzo de Medici”, also called "Laurent the Magnificent".

For the story, “Giuliano de Medici”, was at the heart of an attack during the Conspiracy of the Pazzi (1478), when they tried to remove Florence from the domination of the Medici Family. But, the plot failed and “Giuliano de Medici” escaped the attack, while the assassin was arrested. The Medici were saved.

Therefore, Botticelli was called by the Medici to create a portrait of Julien, as a hero and protector of the Medici Family and the city of Florence. Therefore, the seater his depicted in the walls of the Palazzo Vecchio. 

But, it's not the last depiction of Julian, Botticelli will regularly come back to one of his favorite model to create two other versions (one during his lifetime and one just after his death).

The three versions are all of uncertain origin and the debate over the original painting and the copies is not unanimous among researchers and art critics because the painted surface is not in very good condition and does not allow a certain evaluation.

Informations about the exhibition


Place: Musée Jacquemart-André

Date: 10.9.2021 – 24.1.2022

Curators: Ana Debenedetti and Pierre Curie

Ticket: Available on the website of the Museum OR at the front desk of the museum

Informations about the Musée Jacquemart-André


Musée Jacquemart-André

Propriété de l'Institut de France

158 Boulevard Haussmann

75008 Paris

Phone: +33 (0)1 45 62 11 59



© Lucas GASGAR / Lucas Art Talks 2022